St. Augustine Timeline
10,000 BC Paleoindians
in Florida
First Spanish Period
1460-
1521 July Lifespan
of Juan Ponce de Leon
1512 February 23 Juan
Ponce de Leon issued charter by the Spanish King for Bimimi
1513 March 27 Juan Ponce de Leon “discovers” Florida
1513 April 2 Juan Ponce de Leon lands in Florida.
1519 February 15 lifespan of Pedro Menendez de Aviles
1575 September 17
1521 Feb 20 Juan Ponce de Leon attempts colony at either Caloosahatchee River or Sanibel Island
1528 April 14 Panfilo de Narvaez at Tampa Bay.
1539 May 25 Hernandez de Soto makes landfall at Tampa Bay
1549 June 25 Fray Luis Cancer de Barbastro martyred at Tampa Bay
1556 January 16 Philip II, King of Spain
1598 September 13
1559 August 14 Don Tristan de Luna y Arellano reaches Pensacola Bay
1560 Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis with Spain
1562 Spring Jean
Ribault reaches St. Augustine (French)
1564 June Fort Caroline (Fort San Mateo constructed) (French)
1565 March 20 Pedro Menendez signs contract with King Philip II for Florida
July 8 8 ships under Pedro Menendez leave the Canary Islands
August 28 See Florida – Feast Day of St. Augustine
September 8 Pedro Menendez lands in what would become St. Augustine
September 18 Marches troops north to attack Fort Caroline
September 20 Captures Fort Caroline
September 29 Menendez puts French Protestants to death at Mantanzas
1566 April 19 First Fort burned in St. Augustine by Indians
1566-1568 Second Fort and City moved to Anastasia Island
1566-1572 Jesuits in Florida
1566 July Third Fort
1568 April 25 French destroy Fort San Mateo (old Fort Caroline)
1571 Fourth Fort built
1573 Code of regulations for Plazas called Leyes de Las Indias
1577-89 Pedro Menendez Marques, Governor
1577 Indian attack destroys town
1579 Fifth Fort built
1580 Governor Pedro Menendez Marques officially reports the discovery of stone
1586 Sixth Fort started – San Juan del Pinillo
1586 June 6-12 Drake raid on St. Augustine – saved by African Juan Fernandez. (The Boazio map created)
1586 July Seventh Fort started – San Marcos
1587 Franciscan mission church erected at Pueblo Nombre de Dios
1588 Construction begins on the Franciscan Monastery (Convento de San Francisco)
1594-95 Governor Martinez Avendano
1596-98? Stone power magazine at wooden fort.
1594 June 10 first existing recorded baptism in Saint Augustine: Maria, daughter of Juan Jimenez de la Cueva and of Maria Melendez, his wife.
1597-1603 Governor Gonzalo Mendez de Canzo
1597 First Hospital in America built at Nuestra Senora de la Soledad (Our Lady of Solitude)
1589 September 13 Philip III, King of Spain
1621 March 31
1598 First Government house started
1599 fire
1599 September 2 Hurricane
1602 Hearings Conducted to decide whether or not to abandon St. Augustine
1604 Eighth Fort Constructed
1605 Bishop Juan de las Cabezas Altamirano conducted first Episcopal visit to St. Augustine.
1620 December 21 Plymouth Founded
1621 March 31 Philip
IV, King of Spain
1665 September 17
1621 Thirty
Years War
1648 October 24 Treaty
of Westphalia
1633-38 Governour Louis de Horrutiner
1638 Major Storm hits St. Augustine
1653 Ninth Fort Constructed
1655 Governor Don Diego de Robelledo
1665 September 17 Charles II “el Hechizado”, King of Spain
1700 November 1
1668 Pirate Robert Searles raids St. Augustine
1670 Treaty of Madrid sets the boundary to 10 miles north of the Savannah River with the English
1671 July 6 Sergeant Major Manuel de Cendoya Governor and captain general of Florida
1671 August 8 Quarries opened on Anastasia Island
1672 October 2 first shovelful of dirt on foundation trenches
November 9 first stone laid at Fort
1672-1695 Castillo de San Marcos built
1673 first Lighthouse built
1674 Hurricane and flood levels St. Augustine
1674 Bishop Gabriel Diaz Vara Calderon visits Florida
1675 powder magazine built of stone
1678 stone church built at Pueblo Nombre de Dios
1680-1687 Governor Juan Marquez Cabrera
1683 Free Company of mulatto and black militia formed in St. Augustine
1683 March English pirates attack St. Augustine from Mosquito inlet (fail)
1686 Nicholas Agramont (English freebooter) attacks St. Augustine repulsed by Captain Antonio de Arguelles
1687 October first slaves arrive from English colony of Carolina
1693 Charles II makes slave sanctuary official
1696 Sea wall
1696 September 23 The Reformation is grounded on the east coast of Florida. Quaker merchant Jonathan Dickinson along with his family, 11 slaves, 8 seamen and Capt. Joseph Kirle were on route to Philadelphia.
November 2 Spanish company of soldiers took the Dickinson and Nantwich party in custody and escorted them north to St. Augustine.
November 19 Arrive in St. Augustine. 5 people died of exposure enroute.
1724 January 14
1702 May 4 War
of Spanish Succession (aka Marlborough's
Wars, Queen Anne’s War)
1713
July 13
1702 September Siege by Governor James Moore of South Carolina (51 days) (War of Spanish Succession)
1702 Oct 27 English and South Carolinian troops plundered St. Augustine.
1704-05 Cubo Line built (second 1737)
1706 Hornwork created – log wall 2 miles north of Cubo from Mission Nombre de Dios to San Sebastian River
1713 Government house rebuilt of stone
1719 Rosario Line
1724 August
31
1746 July 9
1728 Raid against St. Augustine by Col John Palmer of South Carolina
1737 Rebuilding of the Franciscan Monastery in stone (Convento de San Francisco)
1738 Castillo modernized (Engineer Pedro Ruiz de Olano more vaults and the watchtower)
1st Fort Mose built
1738 March 15 Governor Manuel de Montiano grants slaves in the militia their freedom and names as their captain an escaped slave named Francisco Menendez.
1739 April 9 British Captain Robert Jenkins lost an ear to a band of Spanish brigands.
1739 October 19 War of Jenkins Ear
1742
1739-40 Wood Gate to the city called “La Leche gate”
1740 January Tall domed watchtower built on northeast San Carlos bastion
1740 May Siege by Governor Oglethorpe of Georgia (War of Jenkins Ear)
1740 June 26 Fort Mose recaptured by Spanish (Bloody Mose)
1740-42 Coquina fort built at Mantanzas
1743 Royal Hospital built on Aviles Street
1748 October 18 Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle
1746 July 9 Fernando VI, King of
Spain
1759 August
10
1750 Friary completed at the Franciscan Monastery (Convento de San Francisco)
1752 2nd Fort Mose built
1754 May 24 Seven
Years War (French and Indian)
1763 February 10
1755 Fort Picolata rebuilt with a two-story coquina stone tower and a Spanish-style battlemented flat roof for cannons and surrounded with a moat and stockade.
1755-56 Engineer Pedro de Brozas y Garay completes the rest of the Castillo vaults, placed royal arms over the main gate.
1759 August 10 Charles
III, King of Spain
1788 December 14
July 21, 1763 End
of the First Spanish Period (close of the Seven Years War or the French and
Indian War)
1763-1783 British Period
1764 January 21 Last Spanish ship leaves St. Augustine
1764 August 29 James Grant first Gov arrives
1764 October 31 Grant’s inauguration as Governor
1768 April 17 Minorcians sailed for New Smyrna from Gibraltar
1768 June 26 Minorcians arrive in St. Augustine
1768 August 19 First revolt of the Minorcians at New Smyrna
1771 May 9 John Moultrie becomes acting Governor
1773 April 22 Grant resigns as governor
1774 Patrick Tonyn appointed governor
1776-1781 American
Revolution
1777 June first Minorcians flee to St. Augustine
1777 November 9 Minorcians with Father Camps arrive in St. Augustine
1783
January 20 Treaty of
Paris signed
1783-1821 Second
Spanish Period
1784 June 26 Fleet arrives from Havana carrying Gov. Vizente Manuel de Zespedes
1784 July 12 Change of Flags takes place
1784 July 13 Father Camps officiates at the Te Deum
1785 Chapel entrance at the Castillo de San Marcos by Engineer Mariano de la Rocque
1785 May Father Francisco Troconis y Rosas begins teaching the poor without charge.
1786 December 8 King of Spain orders a new house of worship to be built in St. Augustine
1787 Father Hassett opens the first free school for Minorcan children.
1788 Father Felix Varella born
1788 February 13 Government officials order work to begin on Cathedral
1790-96 Juan Nepomucena de Quesada governor
1790 March plans approved for the Cathedral
1790 May 19 Father Camps dies (1735 born)
1791 William Bartram writes Travels.
1793 January 13 Father Narciso Font dies
1793 April 12 Property acquired for Cathedral
1793 Cornerstone for Cathedral laid
1795 June invasion by Georgians and disaffected Floridans
1796 January General Jorge Biassou his wife and 23 followers arrive in St. Augustine.
1796 June 5 Governor, Colonel Don Enrique White
1797 December 8 Cathedral dedicated
1800 May 20 Permission given to bury Dr. Father Camps in Cathedral
May 27 Permission given to bury Father Font in Cathedral
1801 July 14 General Jorge Biassou (Hispaniola) dies in St. Augustine
1803 April 8 Don Miguel Ysnardy (Iznardy) dies and is buried in Cathedral
1804 Bishop Augustin Verot – first Bishop of St. Augustine
1876
1808 Current City Gate built by Engineer Manuel de Hita
Santa Domingo Redoubt 57 feet by 72 feet
1809
October 27 President
James Madison ordered the annexation of the western part of West Florida.
1810 Buckingham Smith
1870
1810 Republic
of West Florida
1811 Oct Hurricane – damages Government House
1812 March 13 Georgians and Floridians declare the Republic of East Florida beginning of Patriots War
1812 June Sebastian Kindelan Governor of Florida
1813 Spanish Constitution Monument erected
1813 May Florida abandoned by American regular troops
1814
Nov 7 Andrew
Jackson attacked and captured Pensacola, Florida, defeating the Spanish and
driving out a British force.
1817 June 29 Gregor McGregor proclaims the Green Flag Republic in Fernandina
1817 Nov 20 1st Seminole War began in Florida.
1818 City Gate completed with addition of stone guardhouses and pomegranate decorations by Francisco de Cortazar
1818 April 18 A regiment of Indians and blacks was defeated at the Battle of Suwanna ending the 1st Seminole War.
1818 (December 14) - General William Wing Loring
1886 (December 30)
1819 February 22 Onis-Adams
Treaty
1821 February 22 ratified
by both countries
1819 Sarah Mather
1892
1820 George Fairbanks
1906 (August 3)
1821 June 4 American Period in Florida –
Fort Mantanzas turned over to Americans
July 10 Exchange of Flags
1821 Mexico
gains independence
1821 Union Hotel started (Ward House)
1821 July 7 Andrew Jackson becomes the governor of Florida.
1821 July 22 Mayor - Gabriel Guillermo Perpall (July 22-Aug 1821)
1821 August 27 James Grant Forbes, Mayor (to Nov 4, 1822)
1821 October 7 Rev. Andrew Fowler conducts the first Episcopal services in St. Augustine Florida
1821 Huguenot Cemetery built
1822 Dr.
William H. Simmons publishes Notices of East Florida
1822 March 30 Congress combines East and West Florida into the Florida Territory.
1822 May 27 Andrew Jackson resigns as Governor of Territory of Florida
1822 November 4 Mayor- Waters Smith
1823 Treaty of Moultrie Creek (confined Seminoles to reservation)
1823 Charles
Vignoles publishes Observations Upon the Floridas
1823 February 28 Joshua M Glenn becomes the first Methodist minister exclusively appointed to Florida (St. Augustine).
1823 November 4 Mayor - Thomas H Penn
1824 General Edmund Kirby-Smith born (first infant baptized in Trinity Episcopal)
1824 Market built in current location on plaza.
1824 Watchtower becomes Florida’s first lighthouse with Juan Andreau as the first lightkeeper
1824 June 10 Presbyterian Church formed – Dr. William McWhir first pastor
1824 November 2 Mayor - Bernardo Segui
1825 June 23 Trinity Episcopal Church
1825 November 18 Mayor - William Reynolds
1825-1890 Presbyterian Meeting House on St. George Street.
1826 July 18 Mayor - Davis Floyd, Pro-Tem (July 18, 1826)
1826 October 9 lifespan of Franklin Smith builder of Villa Zorayda and Casa Monica
1911 October
1826 November 16 Mayor - Waters Smith
1827 – 1895 General Stephen Vincent Benet (Union)
1827 Ralph Waldo Emerson in St. Augustine
1827 November Mayor - John Drysdale until August 10, 1830
1828 First internment in St. Augustine’s National Cemetery
1829-1876 Bishop Jean-Pierre Augustine Verot
1829 Bethel Methodist Church (near Monson)
1830 Trinity Episcopal Church constructed
1830 January 2 Henry Flagler - Born to Isaac Flagler (died July 1876) and Elizabeth Caldwell Morrison (died
1861)
1830 November 11 Mayor - E. B. Gould
1831
January Florida
Education Association formed in Tallahassee
1831 November Mayor - John Gray Jr.
1832 November Mayor - Joseph L. Smith
1832 March 31 Ordinance for a Free School passes St. Augustine City Council
1833-34 Government house renovated with the designs of Robert Mills
1833 Florida House Hotel built
1833 November 14 Mayor - Antonio Alvarez (Nov 14, 1833-1835)
1835-1842 Second
Seminole War
1835 freeze destroys Oranges
1835 Florida House built
1835 November Mayor - Dr. Frederick Weeden (Nov 1835-1836)
1835 December 8 Dade Massacure
1836 June 21 General Winfield Scott relieved of command
1836 November 17 Mayor - E. B. Gould (Nov 17, 1836- Dec. 30, 1837)
1837 October 27 Osceola seized under a white flag and imprisoned at Fort Marion
1837 November 9 Wildcat and 19 followers escape Fort Marion
1838 January Mayor - Bernardo Sequi, Pro-Temp (Jan 1838)
1838 January 27 Mayor - Francis L. Dancy ( reelected Nov 14, 1839)
1838 January 30 Osceola dies at Fort Moultrie in South Carolina (born 1804)
1838 May 15 Brigadier General Zachary Taylor assumes command
1839 Dr. Andrew Anderson
1924 December 2
1839 Construction Begins on Markland
1840 November 10 Mayor - Antonio Alvarez (Nov 10, 1840)
Clerk of Courts - P B Dumas (1840-1853)
1841 November 10 E. B. Gould, Mayor of St. Augustine
1842 March 23 Alexander W. McClure Acting Bishop of the Presbyterian Church in St. Augustine to July 13, 1845
1842 November 17 Abraham Dupont, Mayor of St. Augustine (Oct. 30, 1843 resigned)
1842 August 13 Andrew Guy and other slaves escape by boat
1843 November William Forward, Mayor
1843-1923 Lifespan of George Maynard (painter of murals at the Ponce de Leon Hotel)
1844 Planters Hotel built
1844 November E. B. Gould, Mayor
Statehood Period
1845
March 3 Florida
Statehood (27th State)
1845
March 3 1st
Constitution for Florida
1845 March 3 William D. Moseley was elected the new state’s first governor
1845 November Benjamin A. Putnam, Mayor, City of St. Augustine & ex-officio J. P.
1845 Jose Simeon Sanchez Sheriff 1845-47
1845 St. Augustine Fire Company organized – first fire engine purchased
1846 November Joseph Sanchez, Mayor
1847 Methodist Episcopal South on St. George Street
1847 Magnolia Hotel built
1847 James M. Gould, Sheriff 1847-48
1847 November Gad Humphreys, Mayor
1848 Michael Usina, sheriff 1848
1848 November Joseph M. Hernandez, Mayor
1849 R. B. Canova, Sheriff 1849-53
1849 November Mathew Solana, Mayor
1850 November E. B. Gould, Mayor
1850 November 18 James Edmunson Ingram future vice president of the Florida East Coast Railway was born November 18, 1850, at Dartford, in Green Lake County, Wisconsin
1851 November George Phillips, Mayor
1852 May Peter C. Zylstra, Mayor
1852 July Gad Humphreys, Mayor
1853 February 25 Father Felix Varella dies
1854 B A Putnam, Mayor
County Clerk of Courts - John Drysdale
1854 Jacob Mickler, Sheriff 1854-55
1855 Clerk of Courts - David R. Dunham (1855-1857)
1855 Paul Sabate, Sheriff 1855-57
1855
December 18 Third
Seminole War
1858
May 8
1856 George Fairbanks, Mayor
1856 Florida Historical Society founded
1857 A. D. Rogero, Sheriff 1857-61
1857 November Mathew Solana, Mayor
1858 Incorporation of the St. Johns Railroad by Dr. John Wescott and others
1858 George
Fairbanks publishes The History and Antiquities of the City of St. Augustine
1858 November Paul Arnau, Mayor
Clerk of Courts - John Lott Phillips
1858 November 8 lifespan of John Carriere (one of the two architects of the Alcazar and Ponce de Leon)
1911 February 11
1859 Clerk of Courts - David R. Dunham (1859- February 1866)
Sheriff- A. D. Rogero
1860 March 1 lifespan of Thomas Hastings (one of the two architects of the Alcazar and Ponce de Leon)
1929 October 23
1860 May 12 St. Augustine Blues organized. (Officially Florida Independent Blues)
1860 November Rafael B. Canova, Mayor
Civil War Period
1861 January 7 Confederates take Fort Marion
1861
January 10 Florida
votes to secede from the United States
1861 August 5 St. Augustine Blues enrolled into Confederate Service
1861 November Paul Arnau, Mayor
1862 March 10 St. Augustine Blues leave St. Augustine
1862 March 11 Union occupies St. Augustine
1862 May 9 1 South Carolina Regiment organized (33rd USCT)
1863 January 1 President Lincoln signs the Emancipation Proclamation (proclamation read in Old Spanish Cemetery)
1864 William
Mickler, Sheriff 1864-65
1864
February 20 Battle of
Olustee
1865 December 18 13th
Amendment to the US Constitution passes
1866 A. D. Rogero, Sheriff 1866-67
1866 January Samuel Buffington, Mayor
1866 June Venancio Sanchez, Mayor
1866 November Mayor - Ramon Canova
Clerk of Courts - John C. Buffington (1866-1867)
1867 Telegraph line links St. Augustine to Jacksonville and the outside world
1867 January Sisters of St. Joseph start school in St. Augustine
1867 January Paul Arnau, Mayor
1867 August George Burt, Mayor
1867 November William Van Ness, Mayor
1867 Clerk of Courts - Fatio Dunham (1867 - August 1868)
1868 T W Spicegger – druggest
1868 December 23 Peabody School Committee organized
1869 February 23 Dr. Oliver Bronson becomes first school superintendent of St. Johns County
1869 April St. Johns County Public School system begins
1869 May 25 Authorization received for the Freedmen’s Bureau to build African-American School for $4,000
1869 November 8 Peabody School opens for white students
1869 October Frank H. Palmer, Mayor
1869 Clerk of Courts - George W. Atwood
1869 St. Augustine Hotel built
1870 March 11 Diocese of St. Augustine created with Jean-Pierre Augustin Marcellin Verot as its first Bishop
1870 November William J. Watkins, Mayor
1870 Clerk of Courts - Charles D. Lincoln (1870-1874)
1871 Sheriff - Ramon Hernandez
1872 Statue erected to Confederate war dead
1873 Iron rails replace wooden stringers in the St. Johns Railroad
1873 November Paul Arnau, Mayor
1873 December 8 Buckingham-Smith Association feeds first meal
1874 October 15 Lighthouse built (162 feet) designed by Paul Pelz
1874 H. Hernandez, Sheriff 1874-77
1875 November T. T. Russell, Mayor
1875 December W. J. Watkins, Mayor
1875 May 21 Kiowas, Comanches, Arapahoes brought to Fort
1878
1876 Lighthouse Keepers House built
1876 Sunnyside Hotel built (remains the oldest surviving remnant of a hotel today)
1876 November T. A. Pacetty, Mayor
1877 A. N. Pacetti, Sheriff 1877-81
1877
January 18 last
Federal Troops leave Florida
1877 November Thomas F. House, Mayor
1877 Clerk of Courts - Bartolo F. Oliveros (1877-1888)
1877 March 5 C O Reynolds resigns as 2nd School Superintendent
1877 March 5 Thomas W. Russell becomes 3rd School Superintendent
1877 May 13 John More 2nd bishop of St. Augustine
1878 June J. S. Relf, Mayor
1879 U S Grant spends two weeks in town
1879 March 13 Thomas A Pacetti becomes 4th School Superintendent
1879 November George S. Greeno
1880 summer first lighthouse slips into Salt Run
1880 November 11 Charles F Perpall becomes 5th School Superintendent
1881 Olivet Methodist Church organized
1881 Raymond Hernandez, Sheriff 1881-88
1881 May 18 Mary Harkness Flagler died
1881 June 8 death of Clarissa Anderson
1881 Fall Methodist Episcopal Church organized (Olivet/Grace)
1882 November Charles E. Johnson, Mayor
1883 Villa Zorada built (modeled after the Alhambra)
1883 Jacksonville, St. Augustine, and Halifax River Railway completed
1883 June 5 Henry Flagler marries Ida Alice Shourds (born July 4, 1848, died July 10, 1930)
1883 September John G. Long, Mayor
1883 November E. M. Alba, Mayor
1883 December Henry Flagler honeymoons to Florida through March 1, 1884 stayed in part at unknown St Augustine
1884 Winter Olivet Methodist Church constructed corner of Tolomato and King
1884 November John G. Long, Mayor
1884 November 29 Peter Arow becomes 6th Superintendent of St. Johns County Public Schools
1884 December Florida Deaf and Blind School finished
1885 San Marco Hotel opens
1885 Gulf Club organized
1885 February 25 Henry Flagler returns to St. Augustine stayed at San Marco Hotel witnessed the celebration of the landing of Ponce de Leon in March 1885
1885 April 20 St. Augustine Gas and Electric Light Company formed
1885 December 1 groundbreaking on the Ponce de Leon Hotel
1885 December 31 Henry Flagler purchased railroad between Jacksonville and St. Augustine
1885 Ancient City Baptist given land
Florida School for the Deaf and Blind started
Yellow Fever Epidemic
1886 500 Apaches at Fort
April 8 First Apache prisoners left Fort Bowie (Ariz.) for Fort Marion.
April 16 First Prisoners arrive
April 20 First tents erected on north rampart
June Artesian well drilled in fort parade
September Sisters of St. Joseph taught Apache children at Fort Marion
September 11 Chatto’s band ordered to Fort Marion
September 18 Arrive at Fort Marion
October 26 Women and children captured with Geronimo arriv